Kemal Atatürk [1] (or additionally written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha [a] up until 1934, frequently described as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; [b] 1881 [c]-- 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founder of the Republic of Turkey, acting as its very first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His kindhearted dictatorship undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which updated Turkey into a secular, industrial nation.Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories ended up being understood as Kemalism. Due to his military and political achievements, Atatürk is related to according to research studies as one of the best leaders of the 20th century.
Atatürk pertained to prominence for his function in protecting the Ottoman Turkish success at the Fight of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Establishing a provisionary federal government in the contemporary Turkish capital Ankara, he beat the forces sent out by the Allies, therefore emerging victorious from what was later described as the Turkish War of Self-reliance. He consequently proceeded to abolish the decrepit Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the structure of the Turkish Republic in its location.
As the president of the recently formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, financial, and cultural reforms with the supreme objective of building a modern, progressive and nonreligious nation-state. He made main education free and mandatory, opening countless brand-new schools all over the country. He likewise presented the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women got equal civil and political rights throughout Atatürk's presidency ahead of lots of Western countries. [8] In specific, ladies were given ballot rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later on, in 1934, full universal suffrage, earlier than the majority of other democracies on the planet.
His government performed a policy of Turkicisation, trying to develop an uniform and unified nation. Under Atatürk, non-Turkish minorities were pushed to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and last names of minorities needed to be changed to Turkish performances. The Turkish Parliament gave him the surname Atatürk in 1934, which means "Dad of the Turks", in acknowledgment of the role he played in constructing the contemporary Turkish Republic. [16] He passed away on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57 he was been successful as President by his veteran Prime Minister İsmet İnönü [18] and was honored with a state funeral service. His iconic mausoleum in Ankara, developed and opened in 1953, is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his famous expression "Peace in the house, Peace worldwide".
In 1981, the centennial of Atatürk's birth, his memory was honoured by the United Nations and UNESCO, which declared it The Atatürk Year worldwide and adopted the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial, describing him as "the leader of the very first struggle Click here for info given versus manifest destiny and imperialism" and a "amazing promoter of the sense of understanding in between individuals and durable peace between the countries of the world which he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation in between individuals without distinction". [19] [20] Atatürk is celebrated by numerous memorials and locations named in his honor throughout Turkey and the world. Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atatürk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.